A kwata na ƙarshe, Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci, tare da haɗin gwiwar Babban Hukumar Kwastam, sun fitar da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa don kare tsaron ƙasa da muradunsa yayin da suke cika nauyin da ke kansu na hana yaɗuwa a duniya. Tare da amincewar Majalisar Jiha, an sanya tsauraran matakan kula da fitarwa daga kayayyaki da suka shafi tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum, da indium. Musamman, kayan da suka shafi tungsten sun haɗa da ammonium paratungstate, tungsten oxides, wasu tungsten carbide marasa sarrafawa, takamaiman nau'ikan tungsten mai ƙarfi (ban da granules ko foda), takamaiman tungsten-nickel-iron ko tungsten-nickel-copper gami, da bayanai da fasahar da ake buƙata don samar da kayayyaki a ƙarƙashin takamaiman lambobi (1C004, 1C117.c, 1C117.d). Duk masu gudanar da fitar da waɗannan kayan dole ne su bi Dokar Kula da Fitarwa ta Jamhuriyar Jama'ar China da Dokokin Kula da Fitarwa na Kayayyakin Amfani Biyu, suna neman da kuma samun izinin fitarwa daga hukumomin kasuwanci masu cancanta na Majalisar Jiha. Wannan sanarwar za ta fara aiki nan take kuma za ta sabunta Jerin Kula da Fitar da Kayayyakin Amfani Biyu na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar China.
I. Abubuwan da suka shafi Tungsten
- Kayan Aiki Masu Alaƙa da Tungsten 1C117.d.
- Ammonium paratungstate (Lambar HS: 2841801000);
- Tungsten oxides (Lambobin HS: 2825901200, 2825901910, 2825901920);
- Ba a sarrafa sinadarin tungsten carbide a ƙarƙashin 1C226 ba (Lambar HS: 2849902000).
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- 1C117.c. Tungsten mai ƙarfi tare da dukkan halaye masu zuwa:
- Tungsten mai ƙarfi (ban da granules ko foda) tare da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan:
- Alloy na tungsten ko tungsten tare da abun ciki na tungsten ≥97% ta nauyi, ba a sarrafa shi a ƙarƙashin 1C226 ko 1C241 ba (HS Lambobin: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Alloy na tungsten-jan ƙarfe tare da abun ciki na tungsten ≥80% ta nauyi (HS Lambobin: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Alloy na azurfa da aka yi da tungsten tare da abun ciki na tungsten ≥80% da kuma abun ciki na azurfa ≥2% ta nauyi (HS Lambobin: 7106919001, 7106929001);
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- Ana iya yin shi a cikin ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan masu zuwa:
- Silinda masu diamita ≥120 mm da tsayi ≥50 mm;
- Bututu masu diamita na ciki ≥65 mm, kauri na bango ≥25 mm, da tsayi ≥50 mm;
- Tubalan da girmansu ya kai ≥120 mm × 120 mm × 50 mm.
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- 1C004. Alloys na Tungsten-Nickel-Iron ko na Tungsten-Nickel-Copper tare da dukkan waɗannan halaye:
- Yawan da aka yi amfani da shi >17.5 g/cm³;
- Ƙarfin samarwa >800 MPa;
- Ƙarfin juriya na ƙarshe > 1270 MPa;
- Ƙarawa >8% (Lambobin HS: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001).
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- 1E004, 1E101.b. Fasaha da Bayanai don samar da kayayyaki a ƙarƙashin 1C004, 1C117.c, 1C117.d (gami da ƙayyadaddun tsari, sigogi, da shirye-shiryen injina).
II. Abubuwan da suka shafi Tellurium
- 6C002.a. Tellurium na ƙarfe (Lambar HS: 2804500001).
- 6C002.b. Kayayyakin Tellurium guda ɗaya ko Polycrystalline (gami da substrates ko wafers na epitaxial):
- Cadmium telluride (Lambobin HS: 2842902000, 3818009021);
- Cadmium zinc telluride (HS Lambobin: 2842909025, 3818009021);
- Mercury cadmium telluride (HS Lambobin: 2852100010, 3818009021).
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- 6E002. Fasaha da Bayanai don samar da kayayyaki a ƙarƙashin 6C002 (gami da ƙayyadaddun tsari, sigogi, da shirye-shiryen injina).
III. Abubuwan da suka shafi Bismuth
- 6C001.a. Bismuth na ƙarfe da Kayayyakin da ba a sarrafa su ba a ƙarƙashin 1C229, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga ingots, tubalan, beads, granules, da foda ba (HS Lambobin: 8106101091, 8106101092, 8106101099, 8106109090, 8106901019, 8106901029, 8106901099, 8106909090).
- 6C001.b. Bismuth Germanate (Lambar HS: 2841900041).
- 6C001.c. Triphenylbismuth (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 6C001.d. Tris(p-ethoxyphenyl)bismuth (HS Code: 2931900032).
- 6E001. Fasaha da Bayanai don samar da kayayyaki a ƙarƙashin 6C001 (gami da ƙayyadaddun tsari, sigogi, da shirye-shiryen injina).
IV. Abubuwan da suka shafi Molybdenum
- 1C117.b. Fodar Molybdenum: Barbashi na Molybdenum da na ƙarfe masu ɗauke da sinadarin molybdenum ≥97% ta nauyi da girman barbashi ≤50×10⁻⁶ m (50 μm), ana amfani da su wajen kera sassan makamai masu linzami (HS Code: 8102100001).
- 1E101.b. Fasaha da Bayanai don samar da kayayyaki a ƙarƙashin 1C117.b (gami da ƙayyadaddun tsari, sigogi, da shirye-shiryen injina).
V. Abubuwan da suka shafi Indium
- 3C004.a. Indium Phosphide (Lambar HS: 2853904051).
- 3C004.b. Trimethylindium (Lambar HS: 2931900032).
- 3C004.c. Triethylindium (Lambar HS: 2931900032).
- 3E004. Fasaha da Bayanai don samar da kayayyaki a ƙarƙashin 3C004 (gami da ƙayyadaddun tsari, sigogi, da shirye-shiryen injina).
Kula da Fitar da Tungsten ba cikakken haramci ba ne
Kula da fitar da kayayyaki daga Tungsten ba ya nufin cikakken haramcin fitar da kayayyaki daga waje, amma ya ƙunshi matakan gudanarwa na musamman ga takamaiman kayayyaki masu alaƙa da tungsten. Masu fitar da waɗannan kayayyaki dole ne su nemi izini daga hukumomin kasuwanci masu ƙwarewa na Majalisar Jiha bisa ga Dokar Kula da Fitarwa da Dokokin Kula da Fitarwa daga Kayayyaki Masu Amfani Biyu. Ana ba da izinin fitar da kayayyaki daga waje ne kawai bayan an bi ƙa'ida da amincewa.
Tasirin da Ka Iya Yi Kan Kasuwar Cikin Gida
Dangane da bayanai daga Dandalin Kasuwancin Cloud na Tungsten-Molybdenum, fitar da ammonium paratungstate (APT), tungsten trioxide, da tungsten carbide suna da babban kaso na jimlar fitar da tungsten:
- Fitar da kayayyaki daga APT a shekarar 2023 da 2024 sun kai kimanin tan 803 da tan 782, bi da bi, kowannensu ya kai kimanin kashi 4% na jimillar fitar da tungsten.
- Fitar da Tungsten trioxide ya kai kimanin tan 2,699 a shekarar 2023 da kuma tan 3,190 a shekarar 2024, wanda ya karu daga kashi 14% zuwa 17% na jimillar kayayyakin da aka fitar.
- Fitar da kayan aikin Tungsten carbide ya kai kimanin tan 4,433 a shekarar 2023 da kuma tan 4,147 a shekarar 2024, wanda hakan ya sa ya kasance kashi 22%.
Aiwatar da tsarin sarrafa fitar da tungsten zai sanya waɗannan abubuwan cikin tsauraran matakai da kuma tsarin amincewa, wanda hakan zai iya shafar ayyukan wasu masu fitar da kayayyaki. Duk da haka, idan aka yi la'akari da ƙarancin kaso na waɗannan kayayyaki da aka sarrafa a cikin jimillar fitar da tungsten, ana sa ran tasirin gabaɗaya kan yanayin buƙatar wadata da hauhawar farashi na kasuwar tungsten ta cikin gida zai yi ƙasa. Wannan manufar kuma na iya ƙarfafa kamfanoni su mai da hankali kan kirkire-kirkire na fasaha da ingancin samfura don biyan buƙatun kasuwannin cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje.
Muhimmancin Dabaru na Tungsten
Babban wurin narkewar Tungsten, tauri, juriyar tsatsa, da juriyar tsatsa sun sa ya zama dole a masana'antu na duniya. A fannin samar da ƙarfe, tungsten yana ƙara ƙarfi, tauri, da juriyar lalacewa, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin injina da gini. A fannin kayan lantarki, muhimmin abu ne ga kayan haɗin gwiwa, hanyoyin da aka haɗa da kewaye, da kuma zare na gargajiya. A fannin sararin samaniya, zare na tungsten suna da mahimmanci ga ruwan wukake na injin da bututun roka, suna tallafawa binciken sararin samaniya. A fannin soja, zare na tungsten suna da mahimmanci ga harsasai masu huda makamai, abubuwan da ke cikin makamai masu linzami, da sulke, waɗanda ke shafar ƙarfin tsaron ƙasa kai tsaye. Tabbatar da wadatar tungsten ta cikin gida yana da mahimmanci ga tsaron ƙasa.
Tasirin Gajere da Na Dogon Lokaci
A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, tsarin kula da fitar da kayayyaki zai rage wadatar tungsten da China ke samarwa a kasuwannin duniya, wanda hakan zai iya kawo cikas ga daidaiton buƙatun wadata da kuma hauhawar farashin tungsten na ƙasashen duniya saboda ƙarancin buƙatar da ake da ita. A cikin dogon lokaci, waɗannan tsare-tsaren za su haɓaka haɓaka masana'antu, ƙarfafa saka hannun jari a fannin bincike da ci gaba, amfani da albarkatu masu inganci, da haɓaka kayayyaki masu daraja don haɓaka tasirin China a masana'antar tungsten.
Kididdigar Tungsten ta Duniya
A cewar hukumar USGS, ajiyar tungsten ta duniya a shekarar 2023 ya kai kimanin tan miliyan 4.4, wanda ya karu da kashi 15.79% a shekara, inda China ta kai kashi 52.27% (tan miliyan 2.3). Samar da tungsten ta duniya ya kai tan 78,000, wanda ya ragu da kashi 2.26%, inda China ta bayar da gudummawar kashi 80.77% (tan 63,000). Bayanan kwastam na kasar Sin sun nuna cewa fitar da tungsten zuwa kasashen waje daban-daban, ciki har da ma'adinan tungsten, tungstic acid, tungsten trioxide, tungsten carbide, da kayayyakin tungsten daban-daban. A shekarar 2024, kasar Sin ta fitar da tan 782.41 na APT (kasa da kashi 2.53%, kashi 4.06% na jimillar kayayyakin da aka fitar), tan 3,189.96 na tungsten trioxide (sama da kashi 18.19%, kashi 16.55% na jimillar kayayyakin da aka fitar), da kuma tan 4,146.76 na tungsten carbide (sama da kashi 6.46%, kashi 21.52% na jimillar kayayyakin da aka fitar).
CHENGDU HUAXIN CEMENTED CARBIDE CO.,LTD ƙwararru ne masu samar da kayayyaki kuma suna ƙera kayayyakin tungsten carbide, kamar wuƙaƙen da aka saka na carbide don aikin katako, wuƙaƙen carbide masu zagaye don taba da sandunan tace sigari, wuƙaƙen zagaye don yanke kwali mai laushi, ruwan reza mai ramuka uku/ruwan wuƙaƙen da aka ƙera don marufi, tef, yanke fim mai siriri, ruwan wuƙaƙen fiber don masana'antar yadi da sauransu.
Tare da ci gaban da aka samu sama da shekaru 25, an fitar da kayayyakinmu zuwa Amurka, Rasha, Kudancin Amurka, Indiya, Turkiyya, Pakistan, Ostiraliya, Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da sauransu. Tare da inganci mai kyau da farashi mai kyau, abokan cinikinmu sun amince da halayenmu na aiki tukuru da amsawa. Kuma muna son kafa sabbin alaƙar kasuwanci da sabbin abokan ciniki.
Tuntube mu a yau kuma za ku ji daɗin fa'idodin inganci da ayyuka masu kyau daga samfuranmu!
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-04-2025
