Abun gami da aka yi da wani madaidaicin fili na ƙarfe mai ɗaurewa da ƙarfe mai ɗaure ta hanyar aikin ƙarfe na foda. Cemented carbide yana da jerin kyawawan kaddarorin irin su high taurin, sa juriya, mai kyau ƙarfi da taurin, zafi juriya da lalata juriya, musamman ta high taurin da sa juriya, wanda ya kasance m canzawa ko da a zazzabi na 500 °C, har yanzu yana da. high taurin a 1000 ℃. Carbide ne yadu amfani da kayan aiki kayan, kamar juya kayan aikin, milling cutters, planers, drills, m kayan aikin, da dai sauransu, domin yankan Cas baƙin ƙarfe, wadanda ba ferrous karafa, robobi, sinadaran zaruruwa, graphite, gilashin, dutse da talakawa karfe. kuma za a iya amfani da shi don yanke Wuya-zuwa-na'ura kayan aiki irin su zafi-resistant karfe, bakin karfe, babban manganese karfe, kayan aiki karfe, da dai sauransu Gudun yankan sabon carbide kayayyakin aiki ne yanzu daruruwan sau na carbon karfe.
Aikace-aikace na siminti carbide
(1) Kayan kayan aiki
Carbide shine mafi girman adadin kayan aikin kayan aiki, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don yin kayan aikin juyawa, masu yankan niƙa, masu yankan katako, masu tsinke, drills, da sauransu. kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba, kamar su baƙin ƙarfe, simintin tagulla, bakelite, da sauransu; tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide ya dace da dogon lokaci na sarrafa ƙarfe na ƙarfe kamar ƙarfe. Chip machining. Daga cikin Alloys, waɗanda ke da ƙarin abubuwan da ke cikin abin da ke cikin mama suka dace da ƙirar m, kuma waɗanda ke da ƙarancin abun ciki sun dace da ƙare. Maƙasudin siminti na gaba ɗaya suna da rayuwar injina da yawa fiye da sauran simintin siminti don kayan injin mai wahala kamar bakin karfe.
(2) Mold abu
Ana amfani da simintin carbide galibi don mutuwar aikin sanyi kamar mutuwar sanyi, mutuwar naushi sanyi, mutuwar sanyin sanyi, da mutuwar ramin sanyi.
Ana buƙatar jagoran sanyi na Carbide don samun tasiri mai kyau taurin, raunin karaya, ƙarfin gajiya, ƙarfin lanƙwasa da kyakkyawan juriya a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki mai jurewa na tasiri ko tasiri mai ƙarfi. Matsakaici da high cobalt da matsakaici da m hatsi gami maki yawanci amfani, kamar YG15C.
Gabaɗaya, alaƙar da ke tsakanin juriya da taurin simintin carbide tana cin karo da juna: ƙaruwar juriya zai haifar da raguwar taurin, kuma ƙarar taurin ba makawa zai haifar da raguwar juriya. Don haka, lokacin zabar maki alloy, wajibi ne don saduwa da takamaiman buƙatun amfani bisa ga kayan aiki da yanayin aiki.
Idan zaɓin da aka zaɓa yana da saurin fashewa da lalacewa yayin amfani, yakamata a zaɓi ƙimar da tauri mafi girma; idan matakin da aka zaɓa ya kasance mai saurin lalacewa da lalacewa a lokacin amfani, ya kamata a zaɓi darajar da taurin mafi girma da mafi kyawun juriya. . Makin masu zuwa: YG15C, YG18C, YG20C, YL60, YG22C, YG25C Daga hagu zuwa dama, taurin yana raguwa, juriya na raguwa, taurin yana ƙaruwa; akasin haka, akasin haka.
(3) Kayan aikin aunawa da sassa masu jurewa
Ana amfani da Carbide don inlays mai jure lalacewa da sassa na kayan aikin aunawa, madaidaiciyar bearings na injin niƙa, faranti jagora da sandunan jagora na injin niƙa mara nauyi, saman lathes da sauran sassa masu jurewa lalacewa.
Ƙarfe-ƙarfe gabaɗaya ƙarfe rukuni ne na ƙarfe, galibi cobalt da nickel.
Lokacin kera siminti carbide, girman barbashi na foda da aka zaɓa yana tsakanin 1 da 2 microns, kuma tsarkin yana da girma sosai. Ana yin baje kolin ɗanyen kayan bisa ga ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da aka tsara, kuma ana ƙara barasa ko wasu kafofin watsa labarai zuwa jika a cikin injin niƙa mai rigar don sanya su gaba ɗaya gauraye da niƙa. Seke cakuda. Sa'an nan, cakuda da aka granulated, danna, da kuma mai tsanani zuwa wani zazzabi kusa da wurin narkewar karfe (1300-1500 ° C), da taurare lokaci da dauri karfe zai samar da wani eutectic gami. Bayan sanyaya, an rarraba matakan taurare a cikin grid wanda ya ƙunshi ƙarfe mai haɗawa kuma an haɗa su da juna don samar da cikakkiyar cikakke. Taurin carbide da aka yi da siminti ya dogara ne akan abun ciki na lokaci mai tauri da girman hatsi, wato, mafi girman abun ciki na lokaci mai tauri da mafi kyawun hatsi, mafi girma taurin. Ƙarfe mai ɗaure yana ƙayyade ƙarfin siminti carbide. Mafi girman abun ciki na ƙarfe mai ɗaure, mafi girman ƙarfin sassauƙa.
A cikin 1923, Schlerter na Jamus ya ƙara 10% zuwa 20% cobalt zuwa tungsten carbide foda a matsayin abin ɗaure, kuma ya ƙirƙira sabon gami na tungsten carbide da cobalt. Taurin shine na biyu kawai ga lu'u-lu'u. Carbide siminti na farko da aka yi. Lokacin yankan karfe tare da kayan aiki da aka yi da wannan gami, yankan yankan zai ƙare da sauri, har ma da tsinke zai tsage. A shekara ta 1929, Schwarzkov a Amurka ya ƙara wani adadin tungsten carbide da titanium carbide fili carbide zuwa ainihin abun da ke ciki, wanda ya inganta aikin kayan aiki na yanke karfe. Wannan wata nasara ce a tarihin ci gaban siminti na siminti.
Cemented carbide yana da jerin kyawawan kaddarorin irin su high taurin, sa juriya, mai kyau ƙarfi da taurin, zafi juriya da lalata juriya, musamman ta high taurin da sa juriya, wanda ya kasance m canzawa ko da a zazzabi na 500 °C, har yanzu yana da. high taurin a 1000 ℃. Carbide ne yadu amfani da kayan aiki kayan, kamar juya kayan aikin, milling cutters, planers, drills, m kayan aikin, da dai sauransu, domin yankan Cas baƙin ƙarfe, wadanda ba ferrous karafa, robobi, sinadaran zaruruwa, graphite, gilashin, dutse da talakawa karfe. kuma za a iya amfani da shi don yanke Wuya-zuwa-na'ura kayan aiki irin su zafi-resistant karfe, bakin karfe, babban manganese karfe, kayan aiki karfe, da dai sauransu Gudun yankan sabon carbide kayayyakin aiki ne yanzu daruruwan sau na carbon karfe.
Hakanan ana iya amfani da Carbide don yin kayan aikin hako dutse, kayan aikin hako ma'adinai, kayan aikin hakowa, kayan aikin aunawa, sassa masu jurewa, gurɓataccen ƙarfe, layin silinda, madaidaiciyar bearings, nozzles, gyare-gyaren ƙarfe (kamar zanen waya ya mutu, kusoshi ya mutu, goro ya mutu. , da kuma daban-daban fastener molds, da kyau kwarai yi na ciminti carbide hankali maye gurbin baya karfe molds).
Daga baya, siminti mai rufi shima ya fito. A cikin 1969, Sweden ta sami nasarar haɓaka kayan aiki mai rufi na titanium carbide. Tushen kayan aiki shine tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide ko tungsten-cobalt carbide. Kauri na titanium carbide shafi a kan surface ne kawai 'yan microns, amma idan aka kwatanta da iri guda iri na gami kayayyakin aiki, da sabis da aka tsawaita da sau 3, da kuma yankan gudun ya karu da 25% zuwa 50%. A cikin 1970s, ƙarni na huɗu na kayan aiki masu rufi sun bayyana don yankan kayan aiki masu wahala.
Ta yaya ake siminti carbide sinterred?
Carbide da aka yi da siminti wani ƙarfe ne wanda aka yi shi ta hanyar ƙarfe ƙarfe na foda na carbide da ƙarafa na ƙarfe ɗaya ko fiye.
Major samar kasashe
Akwai fiye da ƙasashe 50 a duniya waɗanda ke samar da siminti na carbide, tare da jimlar adadin 27,000-28,000t-. Manyan masu kera su ne Amurka, Rasha, Sweden, China, Jamus, Japan, Burtaniya, Faransa, da dai sauransu. Kasuwancin simintin carbide na duniya ya cika. , gasar kasuwa tana da zafi sosai. Masana'antar siminti ta kasar Sin ta fara samun karbuwa a karshen shekarun 1950. Daga shekarun 1960 zuwa 1970, masana'antar siminti ta kasar Sin ta bunkasa cikin sauri. A farkon shekarun 1990, jimilar samar da simintin carbide na kasar Sin ya kai 6000t, kuma adadin simintin din ya kai 5000t, wanda ya biyo bayan Rasha da Amurka, ya zama na uku a duniya.
WC abun yanka
①Tungsten da cobalt siminti carbide
Babban abubuwan da aka gyara sune tungsten carbide (WC) da kuma binder cobalt (Co).
Matsayinsa ya ƙunshi "YG" ("hard and cobalt" a cikin Pinyin Sinanci) da kuma yawan matsakaicin abun ciki na cobalt.
Misali, YG8 yana nufin matsakaicin WCo=8%, sauran kuma shine tungsten-cobalt carbide na tungsten carbide.
TIC wukake
②Tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide
Babban abubuwan da aka gyara sune tungsten carbide, titanium carbide (TiC) da cobalt.
Matsayinsa ya ƙunshi "YT" ("hard, titanium" haruffa biyu a cikin prefix na Pinyin na Sinanci) da matsakaicin abun ciki na titanium carbide.
Misali, YT15 yana nufin matsakaita WTi=15%, sauran kuma shine tungsten carbide da tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide tare da abun ciki na cobalt.
Tungsten Titanium Tantalum Tool
③Tungsten-titanium-tantalum (niobium) siminti carbide
Babban abubuwan da aka gyara sune tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide (ko niobium carbide) da cobalt. Irin wannan simintin carbide kuma ana kiransa babban siminti carbide ko siminti na duniya.
Makinsa ya ƙunshi “YW” (ƙaddamar da kalmar Sinanci ta “hard” da “wan”) da lambar jeri, kamar YW1.
Halayen ayyuka
Abubuwan da aka Welded Carbide
Babban taurin (86 ~ 93HRA, daidai da 69 ~ 81HRC);
Kyakkyawan taurin thermal (har zuwa 900 ~ 1000 ℃, kiyaye 60HRC);
Kyakkyawan juriya abrasion.
Kayan aikin yankan Carbide sune sau 4 zuwa 7 da sauri fiye da ƙarfe mai sauri, kuma rayuwar kayan aiki shine sau 5 zuwa 80 mafi girma. Samfuran masana'anta da kayan aikin aunawa, rayuwar sabis ɗin shine sau 20 zuwa 150 fiye da na kayan aikin gami da ƙarfe. Yana iya yanke kayan wuya na kusan 50HRC.
Duk da haka, carbide da aka yi da siminti yana da karye kuma ba za a iya sarrafa shi ba, kuma yana da wuya a yi kayan aikin haɗin gwiwa tare da siffofi masu rikitarwa. Sabili da haka, ana yin nau'i-nau'i na nau'i daban-daban sau da yawa, waɗanda aka sanya su a jikin kayan aiki ko jikin mold ta hanyar walda, haɗin kai, ƙwanƙwasa inji, da dai sauransu.
mashaya mai siffa ta musamman
Tsayawa
Yin gyare-gyaren simintin carbide ɗin da aka ƙera shine a danna foda a cikin billet, sannan a shigar da tanderun da ke murƙushewa don zafi zuwa wani yanayin zafi (zazzagewar zafin jiki), ajiye shi na wani ɗan lokaci (lokacin riƙewa), sannan a kwantar da shi don samun siminti. kayan carbide tare da abubuwan da ake buƙata.
Ana iya raba tsarin siminti na simintin simintin simintin zuwa matakai na asali guda huɗu:
1: A mataki na cire forming wakili da pre-sintering, da sintered jiki canza kamar haka:
Kawar da gyare-gyaren wakili, tare da karuwar zafin jiki a farkon mataki na sintering, mai yin gyare-gyaren a hankali ya rushe ko vaporizes, kuma an cire jikin da aka lalata. Nau'in, yawa da tsarin sintiri sun bambanta.
An rage oxides a saman foda. A yanayin zafin jiki, hydrogen na iya rage oxides na cobalt da tungsten. Idan an cire wakili mai ƙira a cikin injin da ba shi da ƙarfi, yanayin carbon-oxygen ba shi da ƙarfi. A lamba danniya tsakanin foda barbashi ne sannu a hankali shafe, da bonding karfe foda fara farfadowa da recrystallize, da surface yadawa fara faruwa, da briquetting ƙarfi da aka inganta.
2: m lokaci sintering mataki (800 ℃ – eutectic zazzabi)
A yanayin zafin jiki kafin bayyanar yanayin ruwa, baya ga ci gaba da aiwatar da matakin da ya gabata, haɓakar ƙarfi-lokaci da yaduwa suna ƙaruwa, ana haɓaka kwararar filastik, kuma jikin da ke ɓacin rai yana raguwa sosai.
3: Liquid lokaci sintering mataki (eutectic zazzabi - sintering zafin jiki)
Lokacin da ruwa lokaci ya bayyana a cikin sintered jiki, da shrinkage da aka kammala da sauri, bi da crystallographic canji don samar da asali tsari da tsarin na gami.
4: Matsayin sanyaya (zazzabi mai zafi - zafin jiki)
A wannan mataki, tsarin da tsarin lokaci na gami yana da wasu canje-canje tare da yanayin sanyaya daban-daban. Ana iya amfani da wannan fasalin don dumama simintin carbide don inganta kayan aikinsa na zahiri da na injiniya.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-11-2022
