Dokar rage hauhawar farashin kayayyaki (IRA), wacce shugaba Joe Biden ya sanya wa hannu a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, ta ƙunshi sama da dala biliyan 369 na tanadi da nufin yaƙar sauyin yanayi cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa.Mafi yawan kunshin sauyin yanayi ragi ne na harajin tarayya da ya kai dala 7,500 kan siyan motoci masu amfani da wutar lantarki iri-iri, ciki har da wadanda aka yi amfani da su a Arewacin Amurka.
Bambanci mai mahimmanci daga abubuwan ƙarfafawa na EV na baya shine don samun cancantar samun kuɗin haraji, EVs na gaba ba kawai za a haɗa su a Arewacin Amirka ba, amma kuma ana yin su daga batura da aka samar a cikin gida ko a cikin ƙasashen ciniki na kyauta.yarjejeniya da Amurka kamar Canada da Mexico.Sabuwar dokar dai tana da nufin karfafa gwiwar masu kera motoci masu amfani da wutar lantarki da su karkata hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki daga kasashe masu tasowa zuwa Amurka, sai dai masu masana'antu na tunanin ko za a yi wannan sauyi nan da 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, kamar yadda gwamnatin ke fata ko a'a.
IRA ta sanya hani akan abubuwa biyu na baturan abin hawa na lantarki: abubuwan da suke da su, kamar baturi da kayan aiki na lantarki, da ma'adanai da ake amfani da su don kera waɗannan abubuwan.
Tun daga shekara mai zuwa, EVs masu cancanta za su buƙaci aƙalla rabin abubuwan batir ɗin su don yin su a Arewacin Amurka, tare da kashi 40% na albarkatun batir suna zuwa daga Amurka ko abokan cinikinta.Nan da 2028, mafi ƙarancin adadin da ake buƙata zai ƙaru daga shekara zuwa 80% na albarkatun baturi da 100% na abubuwan da aka haɗa.
Wasu masu kera motoci da suka hada da Tesla da General Motors, sun fara kera nasu batir a masana'antu a Amurka da Canada.Misali, Tesla, yana yin wani sabon nau'in baturi a masana'antarsa ta Nevada wanda ya kamata ya kasance yana da tsayi fiye da waɗanda ake shigo da su daga Japan a halin yanzu.Wannan haɗin kai tsaye zai iya taimakawa masu kera motocin lantarki su wuce gwajin baturin IRA.Amma ainihin matsalar ita ce inda kamfanin ke samun albarkatun batura.
Ana yin batir ɗin abin hawa na lantarki daga nickel, cobalt da manganese (manyan abubuwa uku na cathode), graphite (anode), lithium da jan karfe.An san shi da "manyan shida" na masana'antar batir, hakar ma'adinai da sarrafa wadannan ma'adanai China ce ke sarrafa su, wanda gwamnatin Biden ta bayyana a matsayin "babban abin damuwa."Duk wani abin hawa lantarki da aka kera bayan 2025 wanda ya ƙunshi kayayyaki daga China za a cire shi daga kuɗin harajin tarayya, a cewar IRA.Dokar ta lissafa sama da ma'adinan baturi 30 waɗanda suka cika buƙatun kashi na samarwa.
Kamfanonin gwamnatin kasar Sin sun mallaki kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 na ayyukan sarrafa cobalt a duniya da sama da kashi 90 na matatun nickel, manganese da graphite."Idan ka sayi batura daga kamfanoni a Japan da Koriya ta Kudu, kamar yadda yawancin masu kera motoci ke yi, akwai kyakkyawar dama batir ɗinku sun ƙunshi kayan da aka sake yin fa'ida a China," in ji Trent Mell, babban jami'in Electra Battery Materials, wani kamfani na Kanada wanda ke siyar da kayayyaki na duniya. sarrafa cobalt.Mai kera motocin lantarki.
“Masu kera motoci na iya son yin ƙarin motocin lantarki waɗanda suka cancanci kuɗin haraji.Amma ina za su sami ƙwararrun masu samar da batir?A yanzu, masu kera motoci ba su da wani zaɓi, ”in ji Lewis Black, Shugaba na Almonty Industries.Kamfanin yana daya daga cikin masu samar da kayayyaki da yawa a wajen kasar Sin na tungsten, wani ma'adinai da ake amfani da shi a cikin anodes da cathodes na wasu batura masu motocin lantarki a wajen kasar Sin, in ji kamfanin.(China tana sarrafa sama da kashi 80% na samar da tungsten a duniya).Ma'adinan Almonty da matakai a Spain, Portugal da Koriya ta Kudu.
Mallakar kasar Sin a cikin albarkatun batir sakamakon shekaru da yawa na manufofin gwamnati da saka hannun jari - Za a iya kwatanta shakkun Bakar fata cikin sauki a kasashen Yamma.
"A cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, kasar Sin ta samar da sarkar samar da albarkatun batir mai inganci," in ji Black."A cikin tattalin arzikin Yammacin Turai, buɗe sabuwar ma'adinai ko matatar mai na iya ɗaukar shekaru takwas ko fiye."
Mell na Electra Battery Materials ya ce kamfaninsa, wanda aka fi sani da Cobalt First, shi ne kawai Arewacin Amurka mai samar da cobalt don batir abin hawa na lantarki.Kamfanin yana karbar danyen cobalt daga mahakar ma'adinan Idaho kuma yana gina matatar mai a Ontario, Canada, wanda ake sa ran fara aiki a farkon shekarar 2023. Electra na gina matatar nickel na biyu a lardin Quebec na Kanada.
“Arewacin Amurka ba ta da ikon sake sarrafa kayan batir.Amma na yi imanin wannan lissafin zai haifar da sabon zagaye na saka hannun jari a sarkar samar da batir, "in ji Meyer.
Mun fahimci cewa kuna son kasancewa mai sarrafa abubuwan da kuka sani na intanet.Amma kudaden shiga na talla yana taimakawa tallafawa aikin jarida.Don karanta cikakken labarinmu, da fatan za a musaki mai hana tallan ku.Duk wani taimako za a yaba sosai.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-31-2022
